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Places

Every place named in the correspondence, under the spellings Cavriana used and their modern forms, with the letters that mention them.

Every identifier here was checked against the authority itself. The whole set is available as a plain table for anyone who wants to reuse it.

97 places, sized by how often the letters name them — directly or through their people. Hollow rings are countries and empires, which have no one location and are marked at a point for want of anywhere better. On the Europe of 1570. Hover to identify. Frontiers are indicative; dotted lines divide the Empire into its ten Imperial Circles. After HistoGIS and IEG-Maps. Beyond this frame, and so not drawn: Ottoman Empire.
  1. Ancona

    5 mentions in 3 letters

    Italy · called Ancona

    Wikidata Q3415 · Getty TGN 7003980 · GeoNames 6542126

    1569-11-291569-12-211570-03-20

  2. Angrogna

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy · called l'Angrogna

    Wikidata Q9004 · Getty TGN 1043222 · GeoNames 6543041

    1570-05-20

  3. Anjou

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Anjou, Anioù

    Wikidata Q107426

    1572-02-06

  4. Ardennes

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France/Belgium · called Ardena

    Wikidata Q151985 · GeoNames 2803095

    1572-12-01

  5. Auxerre

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Ossarra

    Wikidata Q167600 · Getty TGN 7013341 · GeoNames 3035843

    1569-01-03

  6. Bagni di Lucca

    4 mentions in 3 letters

    Italy

    Wikidata Q216399 · Getty TGN 7006075 · GeoNames 6539959

    1571-06-271571-07-071571-07-15

  7. Bar-sur-Aube

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Bar su Auba

    Wikidata Q209093 · Getty TGN 7008984 · GeoNames 3034802

    1569-01-03

  8. Bavaria

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    Germany · called Baviera

    Wikidata Q980 · Getty TGN 7003669 · GeoNames 2951839

    1572-11-211572-12-18

  9. Blois

    5 mentions in 5 letters

    France

    Wikidata Q160927 · Getty TGN 7008320 · GeoNames 3032213

    1572-02-121572-03-191572-04-221572-05-121572-05-28

  10. Bordeaux

    2 mentions in 1 letter

    France · called Bordeaux

    Wikidata Q1479 · Getty TGN 7008161 · GeoNames 3031582

    1572-05-12

  11. Bouillon

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Belgium · called Bollione

    Wikidata Q217216 · Getty TGN 1026347 · GeoNames 2801284

    1572-12-01

  12. Bourbon

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France

    Entity needs coordinates and authority references

    1570-10-13

  13. Bretagne

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    France · called Bretagna

    Getty TGN 7012216

    1571-01-141572-02-06

  14. Châlons-en-Champagne

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Sciallone

    Wikidata Q47135 · Getty TGN 7008339 · GeoNames 6618295

    1569-01-03

  15. Chantilly

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France

    Wikidata Q126675 · Getty TGN 7010573 · GeoNames 6438625

    1570-08-17

  16. Charenton-le-Pont

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called S. Moro Di Ponte Sciallanti

    Wikidata Q212793 · Getty TGN 7007614 · GeoNames 3026637

    1569-01-03

  17. Châtillon-sur-Seine

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Castillione su Senna

    Wikidata Q244707 · Getty TGN 7008222 · GeoNames 3026046

    1570-09-01

  18. Cognac

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France

    Wikidata Q285 · Getty TGN 7008568 · GeoNames 3024440

    1570-08-17

  19. Corse

    3 mentions in 3 letters

    France · called Corsica

    of these, 2 times in 2 letters it is the people who are named, not the place

    Wikidata Q14112 · Getty TGN 7651069

    1570-07-291570-08-08-c1572-05-12

  20. Écouen

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    France

    Wikidata Q273695 · Getty TGN 7008036 · GeoNames 3020440

    1570-08-171570-10-13

  21. England

    18 mentions in 8 letters

    England · called Inghiltera

    of these, 4 times in 3 letters it is the people who are named, not the place

    Wikidata Q21 · Getty TGN 7002445 · GeoNames 2649994

    1571-03-311571-04-191572-03-081572-03-191572-05-121572-11-211572-12-011572-12-18

  22. Europe

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Europe

    Wikidata Q46 · Getty TGN 1000003 · GeoNames 6255148

    1570-09-01

  23. Ferrara

    9 mentions in 7 letters

    Italy

    Wikidata Q13362 · Getty TGN 7004264 · GeoNames 6542120

    1571-02-061572-05-121572-07-041572-11-211572-12-011572-12-071572-12-18

  24. Flanders

    12 mentions in 6 letters

    Belgium · called Fiandra

    Wikidata Q234 · Getty TGN 7024097 · GeoNames 3337388

    1571-01-121572-05-121572-07-041572-08-041572-12-181574-03-06

  25. Florence

    10 mentions in 7 letters

    Italy · called Firenze

    Wikidata Q2044 · Getty TGN 7000457 · GeoNames 6542285

    1571-01-121571-01-141571-08-141572-03-081572-05-121572-11-211572-12-07

  26. France

    76 mentions in 27 letters

    France · called Francia, francia

    of these, 25 times in 15 letters it is the people who are named, not the place

    Wikidata Q142 · Getty TGN 1000070 · GeoNames 3017382

    1569-01-031569-12-211570-07-151570-07-291570-08-08-c1570-08-171570-09-011570-09-111570-10-131570-11-02-b1571-01-121571-01-141571-01-261571-02-061571-06-271572-02-061572-03-081572-04-221572-05-121572-05-281572-07-121572-07-191572-08-041572-11-211572-12-011572-12-071574-03-06

  27. Gascogne

    3 mentions in 2 letters

    France · called Vascogna, Guascogna, Gascogna

    Wikidata Q191085

    1572-05-121572-11-21

  28. Gâtinais

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France

    Wikidata Q1303414 · Getty TGN 7644947

    1570-09-01

  29. Genoa

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy

    Wikidata Q1449 · Getty TGN 7008546 · GeoNames 6542282

    1570-09-01

  30. Germany

    16 mentions in 11 letters

    Germany · called Germania, lamagna

    Wikidata Q183 · Getty TGN 7000084 · GeoNames 2921044

    1570-05-201570-07-151570-08-08-c1570-08-171570-09-011571-01-121571-01-141571-01-261571-02-061572-02-061572-11-21

  31. Guyenne

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France

    Wikidata Q849324

    1570-10-13

  32. Heidelberg

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Germany

    Wikidata Q2966 · Getty TGN 7005177 · GeoNames 2907911

    1570-05-20

  33. Holland

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    Netherlands · called Hollanda

    Wikidata Q102911 · Getty TGN 7263522

    1572-12-011572-12-18

  34. Île de Ré

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Rez

    Wikidata Q292384 · Getty TGN 7012080 · GeoNames 2984309

    1572-12-01

  35. Italy

    33 mentions in 20 letters

    Italy · called Italia

    of these, 7 times in 7 letters it is the people who are named, not the place

    Wikidata Q38 · Getty TGN 1000080 · GeoNames 3175395

    1568-05-051568-09-071569-01-031570-07-151570-09-011570-09-111570-10-131571-01-121571-01-141571-01-261571-03-311571-04-181571-04-191572-02-061572-03-081572-05-121572-05-281572-07-191572-08-041572-12-07

  36. Köln

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Germany · called Colonia

    Wikidata Q365 · Getty TGN 7004446 · GeoNames 3247451

    1572-12-01

  37. La Charité

    4 mentions in 3 letters

    France · called la Charite

    Wikidata Q504883 · Getty TGN 7017054 · GeoNames 3010201

    1570-08-171570-10-131571-01-12

  38. La Rochelle

    22 mentions in 13 letters

    France

    Wikidata Q82185 · Getty TGN 7009264 · GeoNames 3006787

    1570-08-171570-09-011570-10-131570-11-041571-01-121571-02-061571-03-311572-02-061572-05-121572-11-211572-12-011572-12-071572-12-18

  39. Languedoc

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Langudoca

    Wikidata Q206221 · Getty TGN 7002884

    1572-11-21

  40. Lille

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France

    Wikidata Q648 · Getty TGN 7008461 · GeoNames 2998324

    1570-09-01

  41. Limousin

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France

    Wikidata Q1190 · Getty TGN 7001095 · GeoNames 2998268

    1570-10-13

  42. Livorno

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy · called Livorno

    Wikidata Q6761 · Getty TGN 7006074 · GeoNames 6540122

    1572-05-12

  43. Lombardia

    2 mentions in 1 letter

    Italy · called Lombardia

    Wikidata Q1210 · Getty TGN 7003237 · GeoNames 3174618

    1571-07-07

  44. Lorraine

    5 mentions in 3 letters

    France · called Loreno

    Wikidata Q1137 · Getty TGN 7002888 · GeoNames 2997551

    1570-05-201570-09-011572-11-21

  45. Lucca

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy

    Wikidata Q13373 · Getty TGN 7003165 · GeoNames 6542121

    1568-07-24

  46. Luxembourg

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Luxembourg · called Luxemburg

    Wikidata Q1842 · Getty TGN 7006254 · GeoNames 2960316

    1574-03-06

  47. Lyon

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    France

    Wikidata Q456 · Getty TGN 8728756 · GeoNames 2996944

    1570-09-011570-10-13

  48. Mantova

    3 mentions in 3 letters

    Italy · called Mantova

    Wikidata Q6247 · Getty TGN 7005879 · GeoNames 6541855

    1569-11-291569-12-211572-12-07

  49. Marna

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Marna

    1569-01-03

  50. Marseille

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Marsilia

    Wikidata Q23482 · Getty TGN 7008781 · GeoNames 2995469

    1571-04-19

  51. Metz

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Metz

    Wikidata Q22690 · Getty TGN 7008418 · GeoNames 2994160

    1569-01-03

  52. Milano

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    Italy · called Millano

    Wikidata Q490 · Getty TGN 7005903 · GeoNames 3173435

    1569-01-031572-08-04

  53. Monceau

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Monceau

    Getty TGN 7249203

    1569-01-03

  54. Montargis

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Montargis

    Wikidata Q212352 · Getty TGN 7008336 · GeoNames 2993024

    1571-04-19

  55. Montauban

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    France · called Montauban

    Wikidata Q172593 · Getty TGN 7008454 · GeoNames 2993002

    1570-08-171572-12-18

  56. Montereau

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Montereau

    Wikidata Q242191 · Getty TGN 7009353 · GeoNames 2992671

    1569-01-03

  57. Montferrat

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy · called Monferrato

    Wikidata Q19868 · Getty TGN 7009566

    1571-01-14

  58. Montluçon

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Monlucon

    Wikidata Q193256 · Getty TGN 7009366 · GeoNames 2992292

    1570-09-01

  59. Napoli

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy · called Napoli

    Wikidata Q2634 · Getty TGN 7004474 · GeoNames 3172395

    1574-03-06

  60. Navarre

    2 mentions in 1 letter

    France

    The kingdom beyond the Pyrenees, all that remained to the house of Albret after Castile took Upper Navarre in 1512. Cavriana's Navarre is Jeanne d'Albret's and then her son Henri's; when he writes of "la rovina della cosa di Navarra" it is that loss he means. Marked at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, its capital, rather than at Pamplona, which by 1570 was Spanish.

    Wikidata Q63021609

    1570-10-13

  61. Netherlands

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Netherlands · called Paesi Bassi

    Wikidata Q55 · Getty TGN 7016845 · GeoNames 2750405

    1572-12-18

  62. Nevers

    6 mentions in 6 letters

    France

    Wikidata Q166997 · Getty TGN 7008240 · GeoNames 2990474

    1568-04-061568-05-041568-05-051568-06-091568-07-031568-07-24

  63. Nivernais

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Nivernese

    Wikidata Q1468519 · Getty TGN 7012206

    1570-09-01

  64. Normandie

    4 mentions in 3 letters

    France · called Normandie, Normandia

    1570-09-011571-04-191572-02-06

  65. Orbetello

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy · called Orbatello

    Wikidata Q214849 · Getty TGN 7006176 · GeoNames 6541107

    1574-03-06

  66. Orléans

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    France

    Wikidata Q6548 · Getty TGN 7008337 · GeoNames 2989317

    1570-09-011571-01-12

  67. Padua

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy

    Wikidata Q617 · Getty TGN 7003085 · GeoNames 6542281

    1568-07-24

  68. Paris

    60 mentions in 35 letters

    France · called Parigi, parigi

    Wikidata Q90 · Getty TGN 7008038 · GeoNames 2988507

    1568-09-071570-03-201570-05-201570-07-291570-08-171570-08-301570-09-011570-09-111570-09-141570-10-031570-10-131570-11-041570-11-091571-01-121571-01-141571-01-261571-02-061571-03-311571-04-181571-04-191572-05-121572-07-041572-07-121572-07-191572-08-041572-08-311572-10-231572-11-041572-11-201572-11-211572-11-271572-12-011572-12-071572-12-181574-03-06

  69. Parma

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy · called Parma

    Wikidata Q2683 · Getty TGN 7004942 · GeoNames 6540120

    1571-01-14

  70. Picardy

    4 mentions in 3 letters

    France · called Picchardia, Picardie

    Wikidata Q13950 · Getty TGN 7024273 · GeoNames 2987375

    1571-01-141571-02-061572-08-04

  71. Piedmont

    17 mentions in 11 letters

    Italy · called Piemonte, Piemo̍te

    Wikidata Q1216 · Getty TGN 7003120 · GeoNames 3170831

    1570-05-201570-07-151570-07-291570-08-08-c1570-09-011570-09-111570-11-041571-01-121571-02-061571-03-311571-04-19

  72. Pinerolo

    4 mentions in 4 letters

    Italy · called Pineruolo

    Wikidata Q9573 · Getty TGN 7005728 · GeoNames 6540662

    1570-05-201570-07-151570-07-291570-08-08-c

  73. Pisa

    10 mentions in 8 letters

    Italy · called Pisa

    Wikidata Q13375 · Getty TGN 7006082 · GeoNames 6542122

    1569-12-211570-07-151570-07-29-b1570-08-301570-11-02-b1571-01-141571-02-061572-02-12

  74. Poitou

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Poitou, poitou

    Wikidata Q954076 · Getty TGN 7002891 · GeoNames 2986493

    1570-10-13

  75. Poland

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    Poland · called Polonia

    Wikidata Q36 · Getty TGN 7006366 · GeoNames 798544

    1572-11-211572-12-18

  76. Porto Ercole

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy · called Portarcole

    Wikidata Q1394400 · Getty TGN 1046135 · GeoNames 3170119

    1574-03-06

  77. Portugal

    2 mentions in 1 letter

    Portugal · called Portogallo

    Wikidata Q45 · Getty TGN 1000090 · GeoNames 2264397

    1572-05-12

  78. Pragelato

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy · called Prageli

    Wikidata Q10201 · Getty TGN 1046177 · GeoNames 3169958

    1570-05-20

  79. Provence

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Provenza

    Wikidata Q101081 · Getty TGN 7012209 · GeoNames 2985246

    1574-03-06

  80. Rome

    9 mentions in 6 letters

    Italy · called Roma

    Wikidata Q220 · Getty TGN 7000874 · GeoNames 3169070

    1570-10-131571-01-121571-01-141571-03-311572-05-121572-08-04

  81. Rouen

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Roano

    Wikidata Q30974 · Getty TGN 7008929 · GeoNames 2982652

    1571-03-31

  82. Saint-Germain-des-Prés

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    France · called san Germano du prè, san Germano di Pre

    Wikidata Q604717 · Getty TGN 7607890

    1570-11-021570-11-02-b

  83. Saint-Germain-en-Laye

    9 mentions in 6 letters

    France · called San Germano, San Girmano

    Wikidata Q60847808 · Getty TGN 8723310 · GeoNames 2979783

    1570-07-151570-07-291570-07-29-b1570-08-08-c1570-08-171574-03-06

  84. Saint-Jean-d'Angély

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called S. Giovan d'Angeli

    Wikidata Q348807 · Getty TGN 7009634 · GeoNames 6428080

    1572-05-12

  85. Saluzzo

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    Italy

    Wikidata Q20454 · Getty TGN 7005648 · GeoNames 6539909

    1570-07-291570-09-01

  86. Sancerre

    9 mentions in 8 letters

    France · called Sanserra

    Wikidata Q459683 · Getty TGN 1035612 · GeoNames 2976251

    1569-01-031570-08-171570-09-011570-10-131572-11-211572-12-011572-12-071572-12-18

  87. Saumur

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Saumur

    Wikidata Q193821 · Getty TGN 7008492 · GeoNames 2975758

    1569-01-03

  88. Savoy

    6 mentions in 5 letters

    France · called Savoia

    Wikidata Q14118 · Getty TGN 7024413

    1570-05-201570-08-171570-09-011570-10-131571-01-12

  89. Saxony

    3 mentions in 2 letters

    Germany · called Sassonia

    Wikidata Q156199 · Getty TGN 7003685

    1571-01-261572-08-04

  90. Sedan

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Sedana

    Wikidata Q184371 · Getty TGN 7009674 · GeoNames 6426109

    1572-12-01

  91. Soissons

    3 mentions in 3 letters

    France · called Soissons, soissone

    Wikidata Q167152 · Getty TGN 7010563 · GeoNames 2974389

    1571-01-121571-01-141574-03-06

  92. Spain

    42 mentions in 14 letters

    Spain · called Spagna

    of these, 5 times in 5 letters it is the people who are named, not the place

    Wikidata Q29 · Getty TGN 1000095 · GeoNames 2510769

    1570-09-111570-11-041571-01-121571-01-141571-02-061572-02-061572-03-081572-05-121572-05-281572-08-041572-11-211572-12-011572-12-071572-12-18

  93. Trent

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy · called Trento

    Wikidata Q3376 · Getty TGN 7005128 · GeoNames 6541469

    1572-11-21

  94. Tuscany

    14 mentions in 9 letters

    Italy · called Toscana, Thoscana

    Wikidata Q1273 · Getty TGN 7009760 · GeoNames 3165361

    1570-07-151570-08-08-c1570-09-111571-01-141572-03-081572-05-121572-08-041572-11-211572-12-18

  95. Urbino

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Italy · called Urbino

    Wikidata Q2759 · Getty TGN 7003994 · GeoNames 6541472

    1571-01-14

  96. Venice

    4 mentions in 4 letters

    Italy

    Wikidata Q641 · Getty TGN 7018159 · GeoNames 6542284

    1570-09-011571-01-121571-02-061572-08-04

  97. Vienna

    2 mentions in 1 letter

    Austria

    Wikidata Q1741 · Getty TGN 7003321 · GeoNames 2761369

    1570-09-01

  98. Vitry-le-François

    1 mention in 1 letter

    France · called Vitri Francese

    Wikidata Q623374 · Getty TGN 7009747 · GeoNames 2967856

    1569-01-03

  99. Vlissingen

    1 mention in 1 letter

    Netherlands · called Flesinga

    Wikidata Q10084 · Getty TGN 7006750 · GeoNames 2745391

    1572-12-01

Recorded but not yet cited

These have authority records but are not referenced by any published letter — either they appear only in letters still to be transcribed, or the reference is still to be encoded.

  1. Ottoman Empire

    2 mentions in 2 letters

    Ottoman Empire · called Turchi

    of these, 2 times in 2 letters it is the people who are named, not the place

    Named through its people. The Sultan himself Cavriana calls il Turco, and he is recorded separately as Selim II.

    Wikidata Q12560 · Getty TGN 7024412

    1572-05-281572-12-07

  2. Switzerland

    6 mentions in 6 letters

    Switzerland · called svizzeri

    of these, 6 times in 6 letters it is the people who are named, not the place

    The Swiss Confederation. Cavriana names it through its soldiers, levied by the thousand from the cantons for French service.

    Wikidata Q39 · Getty TGN 7011731 · GeoNames 2658434

    1569-01-031570-08-171570-10-131572-11-211572-11-271572-12-07

  3. Vienne

    0 mentions

    France

    Vienne in Dauphiné, on the Rhône below Lyon. Cavriana writes from here at the end of September 1571, between Florence in August and Paris in November, which is the road home; not Vienna, which writing Italian he would have called Vienna.

    Wikidata Q26849 · GeoNames 6454095

Where he wrote from

One row to the year, one cell to the month, coloured by the place a letter was sent from — blue for France, warm for Italy, the darkest shade in each for the place he wrote from most. Cavriana is not travelling a circuit: he is at Paris and the court for most of nine years, and what the band shows is the absences from it — Nevers in 1568, the journey to Italy at the end of 1569, the summer of 1571 at the baths above Lucca, and the winters the court kept at Blois. A month with no letter is left empty, which is a gap in the correspondence and not a claim about where he was.

1566
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1574
JFMAMJJASOND

Hover a month to see where he was and which letters he wrote.

  • No record
  • unrecorded1