People
Everyone named in the correspondence, with the letters that mention them. Cavriana himself is not listed: he wrote these letters and signs almost all of them, under his own name and under two pseudonyms.
Every identifier here was checked against the authority itself. The whole set is available as a plain table for anyone who wants to reuse it.
Alamanni, Vincenzo
3 mentions in 2 lettersCommissario di Pisa · 13 March 1536 – January 1590 · also called Alamanni
Inviato mediceo in Francia · Ambasciatore mediceo in Francia · Chevalier de l'Ordre de Saint-Michel · Maître de l'hôtel du duc d'Anjou
Diplomat and intermediary
Álava, Francés de
2 mentions in 1 letterSpanish ambassador to France · 1 January 1510 – 1 January 1586 · also called Don Frances d'Alava
Alberto (Secretary)
1 mention in 1 letterSecretary · probably Alberto Luchi
Albret, Jeanne d'
1 mention in 1 letter
Queen of Navarre · 16 November 1528 – 9 June 1572 · also called Reina di Navarra
Álvarez de Toledo, Fernando
5 mentions in 4 letters
Duke of Alba, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands · 29 October 1507 – 11 December 1582 · also called Duca d'Alva, Duca d'Alba
Auger, Émond
2 mentions in 2 letters
1530–1591
Beauvais, François de (Seigneur de Briquemault)
1 mention in 1 letterc. 1502 – 1572 · also called Brichmod
French noble and military figure
Bellièvre, Pomponne de
1 mention in 1 letter%20-%20Pomponne%20de%20Belli%C3%A8vre%2C%20Chancelier%20de%20France%20(1529-1607).jpg?width=160)
Royal councillor and diplomat · 1529–1607
Surintendant des finances
Birague, Charles de
4 mentions in 4 letters
Chevalier de St Michel · 1 January 1527 – 1 January 1591
Chevalier du St Esprit
Bobba, Traiano di Fabrizio
3 mentions in 3 lettersCavaliere dell'Ordine di Santo Stefano · 1590
Cameriere di Cosimo I de' Medici · Cameriere di Francesco I · Coppiere di Cosimo I de' Medici · Cavaliere dell'Ordine di Santo Stefano · Cameriere di Francesco I
Bourbon, Henri I de (Prince of Condé)
3 mentions in 2 letters
Prince of Condé · 29 December 1552 – 5 March 1588 · also called Principe di Condé, Condè
Bourbon, Louis I de (Prince of Condé)
2 mentions in 2 letters.jpg?width=160)
Prince of Condé · 1530–1569
Prince de Condé · Duc d'Enghien
Bourbon-Vendôme, Louis III de
2 mentions in 2 lettersDuke of Montpensier
Caan
1 mention in 1 letterImperial Grand Equerry (cavallerizo maggiore)
Sent by Maximilian II to congratulate the Queen of France on her childbirth, December 1572
Castellan, Honoré
1 mention in 1 letterPremier médecin to Catherine de' Medici
Castelnau, Michel de
2 mentions in 1 letter
French envoy to England · 1520–1592 · also called Mauvissière
Clèves, Henriette de
4 mentions in 3 letters
Duchess of Nevers · 31 October 1542 – 24 June 1601
Coligny, Gaspard de
27 mentions in 14 letters
Admiral of France · 16 February 1519 – 24 August 1572
1570-05-201570-07-151570-08-08-c1570-08-171570-09-011570-10-131570-11-041571-01-121571-02-061571-03-311572-05-121572-08-041572-11-211574-03-06
Concino di Conti della Penna, Bartolomeo
7 mentions in 5 lettersFirst Secretary of Cosimo I de' Medici · 1 January 1507 – 1 January 1578 · also called Bartolomeo Concini, Concinno
Corso, Alfonso
2 mentions in 2 letters.jpg?width=160)
Military commander · 1548–1610
Maréchal de France · Chevalier du Saint-Esprit
Cossé-Brissac, Renée de
1 mention in 1 letterMarquise de Méru · c. 1550 – 1622
Crotto
2 mentions in 1 letterFurther identification needed
Dani, Jacopo
1 mention in 1 letterMedici Secretary · 1530–1598
Provvisionato di Cosimo I de' Medici · Segretario della Pratica Segreta
Escalin des Aimars, Antoine
3 mentions in 1 letter
General of the French galleys · 1498–1578 · also called Baron de la Garde, Baron della guardia
Este, Alfonso II d'
6 mentions in 6 letters
Duke of Ferrara · 22 November 1533 – 27 October 1597 · also called Duca di Ferrara
Duca di Ferrara
1570-07-291570-09-011571-01-141571-07-071572-07-041572-12-18
Este, Ippolito d'
3 mentions in 3 letters
Cardinal · 25 August 1509 – 1 December 1572
Este, Luigi d'
1 mention in 1 letter
Cardinal · 25 December 1538 – 30 December 1586 · also called Cardinal d'Este
Titulus SS. Nerei et Achillei · Cardinalis diaconus · Titulus S. Luciae in Silice · Governatore di Tivoli
Brother of Alfonso II d'Este; the letter of 1 September 1570 identifies him as such, which distinguishes him from his uncle Ippolito II, the Cardinal of Ferrara recorded separately.
Farnese, Alessandro
1 mention in 1 letterFXD.jpg?width=160)
Cardinal · 7 October 1520 – 2 March 1589
France, Claude de
2 mentions in 2 letters
12 November 1547 – 21 February 1575
France, Renée de
2 mentions in 1 letter
Duchess of Ferrara · also called Madama di Ferrara
Daughter of Louis XII of France and wife of Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
Gianella
1 mention in 1 letterServant of the Duke of Ferrara
Gondi, Albert de
4 mentions in 4 letters
Marshal of France · 4 November 1522 – 12 April 1602 · also called Comte de Retz
Maréchal de France · Ambassadeur de France en Angleterre · Duc de Retz
Gontaut, Armand de
3 mentions in 2 letters
Capitaine de cent gendarmes · 1524–1592
Baron de Biron · Guidon
Gonzaga, Isabella
1 mention in 1 letter
Marchioness of Pescara · 1537–1579
Marchesa di Pescara
Gonzaga, Luigi
28 mentions in 18 letters%20with%20his%20Servant.%20-%20RCIN%20406014%20-%20Royal%20Collection.jpg?width=160)
Duke of Nevers · 18 September 1539 – 23 October 1595 · also called Nevers
1568-04-061568-07-031568-07-241569-11-291569-12-211570-07-291570-08-171570-09-011570-10-131570-11-041571-01-121571-01-141571-03-311571-04-191571-06-271571-08-141572-02-121572-11-21
Gregory XIII (Pope)
11 mentions in 6 letters
Pope · 1 January 1502 – 10 April 1585 · also called Pontefice
1570-09-011570-09-111571-01-261572-08-041572-12-071572-12-18
Guadagni family member
1 mention in 1 letterNoble
Entity needs research and completion
Guise, Henri de
22 mentions in 12 letters
Duke of Guise · 31 December 1550 – 23 December 1588 · also called Guisa, Duca di Ghisa
1570-07-291570-08-171570-09-011570-10-031570-10-131570-11-041571-01-121571-03-311571-04-191572-05-121572-08-041574-03-06
Habsburg, Elisabeth (Queen of France)
14 mentions in 7 letters%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg?width=160)
5 June 1554 – 22 January 1592
1570-09-011570-10-131571-01-261572-03-081572-05-121572-08-041572-12-01
Habsburg, Juan de Austria
2 mentions in 2 letters
Don Juan de Austria · 24 February 1547 – 1 October 1578
Habsburg, Maximilian II
19 mentions in 6 letters
Imperator Romanus Sacer · 31 July 1527 – 12 October 1576 · also called Cesare
1570-09-011570-09-111571-01-141572-03-081572-08-041572-12-18
Habsburg, Philippe (King of Spain)
20 mentions in 8 letters
21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598
1570-09-011572-03-081572-05-121572-07-041572-08-041572-11-211572-12-011574-03-06
Ivan IV (Czar of Russia)
3 mentions in 2 letters
Czar of Russia · 25 August 1530 – 18 March 1584 · also called Ivan the Terrible
Joyeuse, Anne de
1 mention in 1 letter
Duke of Joyeuse · 1560–1587 · also called Gioiosa
Duc de Joyeuse · Baron d'Arques
L'Hospital, Michel de
1 mention in 1 letter
1507 – 13 March 1573
La Marck, Diane de
1 mention in 1 letter
Duchess of Tonnerre · 16 June 1544 – 1622
La Môle, Joseph Boniface de
1 mention in 1 letterProvençal gentleman, favourite of the Duke of Alençon · 30 April 1574 · also called la Mola
Executed on the Place de Grève, Paris, for his role in the Alençon-Navarre conspiracy.
La Noue, François de
1 mention in 1 letter
Huguenot captain · 1531 – 4 August 1591 · also called La Nua, Bras de Fer
Huguenot captain, called Bras de Fer
Lorraine, Charles de (Cardinal of Lorraine)
23 mentions in 10 letters
Cardinal of Lorraine · 17 February 1524 – 26 December 1574 · also called Lorena, Loreno
1570-07-291570-08-171570-09-011570-10-131570-11-041571-01-121571-01-141571-01-261572-05-121572-12-07
Lorraine, Charles de (Duke of Aumale)
2 mentions in 2 lettersDuke of Aumale · also called d'Aumale
Lorraine, Charles III de
2 mentions in 2 letters
Duc de Lorraine · 18 February 1543 – 14 May 1608
Lorraine, Henry of
1 mention in 1 letterNoble
Entity needs research and completion
Maldonado, Juan
3 mentions in 1 letter
Jesuit theologian · 1533 – 5 January 1583 · also called Maldonato
Medici, Caterina de'
58 mentions in 20 letters
Queen Mother of France · 1519–1589 · also called Reina
Reine de France · Régente pour Charles IX
1568-04-281570-08-171570-09-011570-09-111570-10-131570-11-041571-01-121571-01-261571-02-061571-03-311571-04-191571-06-271572-02-061572-02-121572-03-081572-07-041572-08-041572-11-211572-12-181574-03-06
Medici, Cosimo I de'
36 mentions in 14 letters
Grand Duke of Tuscany · 1519–1574 · also called Gran Duca
Granduca di Toscana · Duca di Firenze · Duca di Firenze e Siena · Eques Auratus · Gran Maestro dell'Ordine di Santo Stefano · Signore della Repubblica di Firenze · Chevalier de la Toison d'Or
1569-12-211570-05-201570-07-151570-09-111570-09-141570-10-131570-11-021571-01-141571-02-061571-03-311571-04-191572-03-081572-05-121572-11-21
Medici, Ferdinando de'
4 mentions in 2 letters
Grand Duke of Tuscany · 30 July 1549 – 17 February 1609
Michiel, Giovanni
1 mention in 1 letterVenetian ambassador to France · 1516–1596
Ambasciatore straordinario veneziano in Francia · Ambasciatore di Venezia alla Corte imperiale
Entity needs research and completion
Montluc, Blaise de
4 mentions in 4 letters
Marshal of France · also called Monlucco
Montmorency, Charles de
3 mentions in 2 letters
Duke of Damville · 31 March 1537 – 5 May 1612 · also called Méru, Damville
Marshal of France · Chevalier du Saint-Esprit · Seigneur de Méru
Montmorency, François de
23 mentions in 15 letters
Marshal of France · 1530–1579 · also called Montmoransy, Mamoransi
Maréchal de France · Duc de Montmorency · Grand Maître de France · Pair de France · Comte de Dammartin · Baron de Châteaubriant · Seigneur de Chantilly · Seigneur de L'Isle-Adam
1570-07-291570-08-171570-09-011570-09-111570-10-131570-11-041571-01-261571-02-061571-03-311572-02-061572-03-081572-12-011572-12-071572-12-181574-03-06
Montmorency, Henri de
4 mentions in 3 letters%20-%20Henri%201er%2C%20Duc%20de%20Montmorency%2C%20Seigneur%20de%20Damville.jpg?width=160)
Marshal of France, Governor of Languedoc · also called Danville
Montmorency-Thoré, Guillaume de
2 mentions in 1 letterMilitary commander · c. 1543 – 1593 · also called Torè, Thoré, turu
Brother of François de Montmorency and Charles de Montmorency (Méru). Implicated in the Malcontent conspiracy of 1574.
Nassau, Ludwig von
5 mentions in 4 letters
Count of Nassau · 10 January 1538 – 14 April 1574
Nassau, Willem van
9 mentions in 7 letters
Prince of Orange · 24 April 1533 – 10 July 1584 · also called Principe di Orange
1569-01-031570-08-171571-01-121572-02-061572-12-011572-12-181574-03-06
Orléans, Léonor d'
5 mentions in 3 letters
Duke of Longueville · 1 January 1540 – 7 August 1573 · also called Longueville, Longavilla
Orsini, Flavio
1 mention in 1 letterCardinal, papal legate · 1532 – 16 May 1581 · also called Cardinal Orsino
Cardinalis · Titulus S. Marcelli · Doctor in utroque · Nobile di Napoli
Orsini, Troilo
8 mentions in 5 letterscondottiere · 1547 – 2 December 1577
ambassador · Inviato mediceo in Francia · Inviato mediceo in Francia · Inviato mediceo in Francia · Inviato mediceo alla Corte imperiale · Inviato mediceo in Polonia · Inviato mediceo in Boemia · Inviato mediceo ad Innsbruck · Inviato mediceo a Venezia per complimentarsi con il Re di Polonia
Osmanlı, Selim II
11 mentions in 6 letters
28 May 1524 – 15 December 1574
1570-09-011571-01-141571-04-191572-08-041572-11-211574-03-06
Ossonville, Monsignore d'
3 mentions in 1 letterFrench noble
Papazzone, Giulio Cesare
1 mention in 1 letterServidore della signora Marchesa di Pescara
Pazzi, Filippino
1 mention in 1 letterPetrucci, Alessandro
17 mentions in 11 lettersCommendatore · 1628
Tuscan ambassador to France
1570-03-201570-05-201570-07-151570-07-29-b1570-08-171570-08-301570-10-031570-11-02-b1571-01-121571-01-141572-05-12
Pfalz, Friedrich III von der
5 mentions in 3 letters
Elector Palatine · 14 February 1515 – 26 October 1576
Pfalz, Johann Casimir von der
4 mentions in 2 letters.jpg?width=160)
Count Palatine · 7 March 1543 – 16 January 1592 · also called Duca di Duponte
Pius V (Pope)
5 mentions in 3 letters
Pope · 17 January 1504 – 1 May 1572 · also called Michele Ghislieri, Papa
Pope from 1566 to 1572
Pope (unidentified)
1 mention in 1 letterPope
Entity needs research and completion
Rosières
3 mentions in 1 letterFormer Huguenot minister, converted after St Bartholomew
Sachsen, August von
2 mentions in 1 letter
Elector of Saxony · 31 July 1526 – 11 February 1586 · also called Duca di Sassonia Agost
Sachsen, Wilhelm von
3 mentions in 1 letterDuke of Saxony · also called Guglielmo duca di Sassonia
Salviati, Antonio Maria
1 mention in 1 letter
Papal Nuncio · 21 January 1537 – 26 April 1602 · also called Monsig. Salviati
Sanseverino, Gian Galeazzo
2 mentions in 2 lettersConte di Caiazzo · 1527–1575 · also called conte di Gaiazzo
Conte di Colorno
Saulx-Tavannes, Gaspard de
2 mentions in 2 letters
Marshal of France · 1509 – 19 June 1573
Savoia, Emanuele Filiberto di
8 mentions in 6 letters
Duke of Savoy · 1528–1580
Duca di Savoia · Principe del Piemonte · Gran Maestro dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro
1570-09-111570-11-041571-01-261571-02-061572-11-211572-12-01
Savoie, Honorat de (Count of Tende)
1 mention in 1 letterCount of Tende
Savoie, Honorat de (Marquis of Susa)
1 mention in 1 letterMarquis of Susa · also called di Susa
Savoie, Jacques de
12 mentions in 5 letters
Duke of Nemours · 1531–1585
Duc de Nemours · Gouverneur de Lyon, Forez et Beaujolais · Colonel-général de la cavalerie légère · Gouverneur de Lyon
Sorbin, Arnauld
1 mention in 1 letter14 July 1532 – 1 May 1606
Striggio, Alessandro
3 mentions in 3 lettersSalariato di Cosimo I de' Medici · 1537 – 29 February 1592 · also called Striggi
Salariato di Francesco I de' Medici · Provisionato di Cosimo I de' Medici · Musico / Musicista
Strozzi, Filippo
1 mention in 1 letter
Colonel-General of the Infantry, commander of the French naval expedition (1572) · 1541–1582 · also called Strozzi
Colonel des Gardes françaises · Chevalier de l'Ordre de Saint-Michel · Amiral · Seigneur d'Epernay · Colonel Général de l'infanterie française
Taxi family member
2 mentions in 1 letterNoble
Entity needs research and completion
Téligny, Charles de
5 mentions in 4 letters
1535–1572
Tudor, Elizabeth
13 mentions in 6 letters
Queen of England · 1533–1603
Queen of England · Queen of Ireland
1570-08-171570-09-011571-04-191572-03-081572-11-211572-12-01
Vaini, Enea
2 mentions in 2 lettersCavaliere dell'Ordine di Santo Stefano · 1537–1612
Signore della tavola di Francesco I de' Medici
Order of Santo Stefano official
Valois, Charles IX
114 mentions in 20 letters
King of France · 1550–1574 · also called Re
Roi de France
1569-01-031570-08-171570-09-011570-10-131570-11-041571-01-121571-01-141571-01-261571-03-311571-04-191572-02-061572-03-081572-05-121572-07-041572-08-041572-11-211572-12-011572-12-071572-12-181574-03-06
Valois, François de
7 mentions in 4 letters
Duke of Alençon, later Duke of Anjou · 18 March 1555 – 10 June 1584 · also called Duca d'Alansone, Monseigneur le Duc
Duc d'Alençon
Valois, Henri III
8 mentions in 6 letters
King of France · 1551–1589
Roi de France · Duc d'Orleans · Duc d'Anjou · Król Polski
1570-09-011570-09-111572-05-121572-07-041572-12-181574-03-06
Valois, Marguerite de
3 mentions in 2 letters
14 May 1553 – 27 March 1615
Vigor, Simon
1 mention in 1 letterPredicatore · 1515–1575
Teologo · Episcopus Narbonenensis (Narbonne) · Recteur Université de Paris
Walsingham, Francis
2 mentions in 1 letter
English ambassador to France · 1532 – 6 April 1590 · also called Ambasciatore Inglese
Ambassador of England to France · Member of Parliament · Privy councillor of England to Elizabeth I Tudor · Secretary of State
Zygmunt II (King of Poland)
2 mentions in 2 letters
King of Poland · 1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572
Recorded but not yet cited
These have authority records but are not referenced by any published letter — either they appear only in letters still to be transcribed, or the reference is still to be encoded.
Anjou-Mézières, Renée d'
0 mentions
Duchess of Montpensier · 21 October 1550 – 1586
Gonzaga, Guglielmo
0 mentions
Duke of Mantua · 1538–1587
Duca di Mantova e Monferrato · Chevalier de la Toison d'Or · Duca di Mantova
Habsburg, Giovanna d'Austria
0 mentions
Grand Duchess of Tuscany · 24 January 1547 – 11 April 1578
Katarzyna (Queen of Poland)
0 mentions
Queen of Poland · 15 September 1533 – 28 February 1572
La Charité, Hugues de
0 mentionsFranciscan Friar
Loignac, Jacques de
0 mentionsMaster of the King's Wardrobe
Lorraine, Christine de
0 mentions
Princess of Lorraine · 16 August 1565 – 19 December 1637
Lorraine, Henri II de
0 mentions
Duc de Bar · 8 November 1563 – 31 July 1624
Marquis de Pont à Mousson
Nogaret de La Valette, Jean-Louis de
0 mentions
Duke of Épernon · 1554–1642
Duc d'Épernon
Termes, Jean de
0 mentionsMaster of the King's Wardrobe
Zibramonti, Aurelio
0 mentions
Ducal secretary in Mantua · 1589
Segretario
Groups of people
Cavriana reports on parties and peoples as much as on individuals. A group named for a country also counts towards that country in the index of places; the Huguenots and the reiters belong to no territory and are recorded here alone. The characterisations describe how he presents each group, not what the group was.
Huguenots
28 mentions in 15 lettersconfessionCavriana writes ugonotti, hugonotti
The most named group in the correspondence. Cavriana writes of them as a party with a military and a political existence at once: they hold places of safety, they levy reiters they cannot pay, they send deputies to negotiate, and they are watched for what they will do when the peace is executed. He does not write of them as heretics; the vocabulary is of strength, credit and intention.
1570-05-201570-07-291570-08-171570-09-011571-01-121571-04-191572-02-061572-03-081572-03-191572-05-121572-05-281572-08-041572-11-211572-12-011574-03-06
French
25 mentions in 15 letterspeople1569-01-031570-07-291570-09-011571-01-121571-01-261571-06-271572-03-081572-04-221572-05-121572-05-281572-07-121572-07-191572-11-211572-12-071574-03-06
Catholics
13 mentions in 8 lettersconfessionCavriana writes catholici, cattolici
Named a third as often as the Huguenots, and almost always in the same breath as them: what the Catholics will accept, where they will not have the edict executed, which towns refuse to readmit the banished. Cavriana treats them as the other party to a settlement rather than as the religion of the kingdom.
1570-07-291570-08-171570-09-011570-10-131572-05-281572-08-041572-11-211574-03-06
Italians
7 mentions in 7 letterspeople1570-09-011570-09-111571-01-121572-03-081572-05-121572-05-281572-07-19
Swiss
6 mentions in 6 letterspeople1569-01-031570-08-171570-10-131572-11-211572-11-271572-12-07
Reiters
5 mentions in 4 letterssoldieryCavriana writes raiteri
German horse in French service, and in these letters a question of money before anything else. They march slowly towards the frontier because those who owe them are slow to pay; four hundred thousand francs a year are promised for them. Cavriana reports them as an instrument that both sides hire and neither can afford.
Spanish
5 mentions in 5 letterspeopleEnglish
4 mentions in 3 letterspeopleMoors
3 mentions in 3 letterspeopleCavriana writes Mori
Named with the Turks as what occupies Spain elsewhere, and so as a reason the Spanish cannot pursue their designs in Europe undisturbed.
Corsicans
2 mentions in 2 letterspeopleTurks
2 mentions in 2 letterspeopleBandits
1 mention in 1 letterconditionCavriana writes bandollieri
Named once, in August 1570, as what a foreign war would purge from France: the kingdom is to be cleansed of its bandits and idle men by carrying the arms elsewhere.
